Canadian citizenship is the culmination of the immigration journey for many permanent residents. To be eligible, applicants must meet physical presence requirements, demonstrate language proficiency, pass a citizenship knowledge test, and file Canadian taxes. Citizenship grants the right to vote, hold a Canadian passport, and live and work anywhere in Canada without restriction.
Program Streams
Adult Citizenship Application
For permanent residents 18 years of age or older. Must have been physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days (3 years) out of the five years immediately before applying. Must meet language requirements (CLB 4 in English or French) and pass the citizenship test.
Minor Citizenship Application
For permanent residents under 18. Can apply with a parent or guardian, or independently if a parent is already a Canadian citizen. Minors are not required to meet language or knowledge test requirements.
Key Facts
- Physical presence requirement: 1,095 days in the 5 years before applying
- Time as a temporary resident (after age 18) counts as half a day, up to 365 days
- Must have filed taxes for at least 3 years within the 5-year window
- Language requirement: CLB 4 in English or French (speaking and listening)
- Citizenship test covers Canadian history, values, institutions, and symbols